It is known to have numerous groups of uncontacted peoples, and researchers believe there are many undiscovered species of plants and animals in the interior. The country is one of the world's least explored, culturally and geographically. Most of the population of more than 8,000,000 people live in customary communities, which are as diverse as the languages. There are 851 known languages in the country, of which 11 now have no known speakers.

As of 2019, it is also the most rural, as only 13.25% of its people live in urban centres. Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world.

It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with ElizabethВ II as its queen. This followed nearly 60 years of Australian administration, which started during World WarВ I. ДЄt the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. It is the world's third largest island country with an area of 462,840В km 2 (178,700В sqВ mi). Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. Л€ ЙЎ ЙЄ n i, Л€ p Й‘Лђ-/, also US: / Л€ p Й‘Лђ p w Й™-, Л€ p Й‘Лђ p j Й™-, Л€ p Й‘Лђ p Й™-/ Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini Torres Strait Creole: Dhaudhai Niu Gini Meriam Mir: Op Deudai), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( Tok Pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini Hiri Motu: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia). Papua New Guinea ( PNG / Л€ p Г¦ p( j) u Й™вЂ‰.

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